Have a question?
Please get in touch with our team in case of any queries
Earphones and Headphones Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2019-2024
This report includes market data points, ranging from trend
analyses to market estimates & forecasts that you can customize
| REPORT ATTRIBUTE | DETAILS |
|---|---|
| Market Size | |
| CAGR | |
| Base Year | |
| Historic Year | |
| Forecast Year | |
| Market Segments | |
| Geographic Analysis | |
| Countries Covered |
This market research report on the global earphones and headphones market offers analysis on market size & forecast, market share, industry trends, growth drivers, and vendor analysis. The market study also includes insights on segmentation by technology (wired, wireless, and true wireless), by type (in-ear, on-ear, and over-ear), by feature (smart and non-smart), by end-use (entertainment, fitness & sports, and gaming), and by geography (APAC, Europe, North America, Latin America, and MEA).
Earphones and Headphones Market - Overview
With the rapid advancements in technology, manufacturing, transmission, and portable consumer electronics goods, the global earphones and headphones market witnessed significant innovations that boosted the adoption of these devices. The improvements and developments in the manufacturing and audio technology are leading to a vast transformation in the appearance, sound output, portability, and connectivity of these devices in the global market. The increasing affordability of wireless connectivity and the introduction of new headphone variants with health sensors and other value-added features will drive the evolution of the market. The top developers are focusing on continuously testing and adapting advanced technology to offer external noises cancelling headphones features; this will boost the revenues in the global market. The rising developments in the field of IoT and AI is strengthening the infrastructure for wearables in the market. A rising number of tech startups are working to develop the integrations of wearables and voice as the prominent UI which is enabling the transition of earphones and earbuds to become the central node in the future systems in the global market. Significant technological advancements in wireless products such as SKAA, Bluetooth, infrared, and Wi-Fi will propel the demand for demand for high-fidelity devices in the market. The wider acceptance of smart hearables, such as true wireless headphones with augmented hearing and language translation capabilities will create lucrative opportunities for leading vendors in the global market. The increasing integration of IoT, biometric monitoring, augmented hearing, and ambient noise control will revolutionize the global earphones and headphones market.
The increase in the number of mobile devices, access to music and video content on-the-go, and the fast-evolving music industry are some of the major factors attributing to the growth of the global market. The exponential growth of digital media, especially entertainment services such as video, audio, and multimedia will drive the demand for innovative devices in the market. The global earphones and headphones market is projected to reach values of more than $36 billion by 2024, growing at CAGR of around 13% during 2018-2024. The market research report also offers market share analysis in terms of unit volumes during the forecast period.
Earphones and Headphones Market – Dynamics
The increasing number of innovations is leading to the transition of wireless devices to hearables in the global earphones and headphones market. The increasing focus on making these products more comfortable and convenient, with the ability to eliminate external noises and deliver a more immersive listening experience will enable vendors to attract new consumers in the global market. The integration of smart tech that offers the ability to initiate virtual assistants/smart speakers and control audio and volume buttons due to improvements in manufacturing and audio technology will fuel the demand for new product offerings in the market. Wearables connected to the user’s smartphones and applications steered the market toward smart accessories, which could double the performance and perform functions of the device that they supported. The host of the development of smart headphones, watches, smart eyewear, and fitness trackers will drive innovations in the field of hearing aids and augment the growth of the global earphones and headphones market.
Earphones and Headphones Market – Segmentation
This market research report includes a detailed segmentation of the market by technology, type, features, end-use, and geography.
Earphones and Headphones Market – By Technology
The integration of hearables and 3D sound delivery with real-time language translation to wireless devices will transform the global earphones and headphones market
The global earphones and headphones market by technology is classified into wired, wireless, and true wireless. Wireless segment dominated the total market share in 2018, growing at a CAGR of approximately 16% during the forecast period. The increasing requirement of high-quality sound experience and integration with hearing aids and commercial headsets is fueling the growth of this segment in the global market. The development of innovative technology such as gesture recognition and control, active head tracking, biometric monitoring, 3D surround sound delivery, and onboard storage in over-ear wireless headphones will drive investments in the market over the next few years. These products are designed to offer freedom of movement, good sound quality, and increased durability to consumers in the global market. The increasing use of these devices in fitness and sports activities will contribute to the growing revenues in the global earphones and headphones market.
The growing demand for wired products across emerging countries in APAC will fuel the growth of the global market. Wireless earbuds offer higher control over surrounding sounds and Apple, Motorola, HTC, Google, and LeEco are leading players in this segment in the global earphones and headphones market.
Earphones and Headphones Market – By Type
The compactness and convenience of in-ear products is driving the growth of the global earphones and headphones market
The product type segment in the global earphones and headphones market is divided into in-ear, on-ear, and over-ear. In-ear products are the fastest growing segment in the global market, at a CAGR of more than 13% during the forecast period. The relatively low cost of ownership, compactness, and convenience of the in-ear products is fueling the growth of this segment in the global market. The increasing demand for feature-rich truly wireless earbuds is leading to the development of new products in the global market. This model is prevalent among users who actively stream music during sports and fitness activities in the market. The launch of in-ear devices with innovative q-tips by design is most suitable while engaged in several day-to-day activities and will help vendors gain a larger market share. The development of new products that effectively house the battery and multiple drivers to increase the playback time as well as deliver high-quality sound to the user will boost the demand in the global earphones and headphones market.
On-ear products are not only foldable but also comes with additional features such as noise cancellation, active noise cancellation, and control ambient sound in the market. The top companies are focusing on improving the battery life to increase the playback time of their wireless models and launch new lightweight over-head models to gain a larger global earphones and headphones market.
Earphones and Headphones Market – By Features
The launch of smart devices with modern, advanced features gains traction in the global earphones and headphones market
The global earphones and headphones market by features is segmented into smart and non-smart. Smart devices occupied the largest market share in 2018, growing at a CAGR of approximately 17% during the forecast period. The launch of new smart products with latest technologies including water resistance, noise cancellation, HD and Blu-ray sound format, 3D surround sound, storage capacity, and several other innovations are fueling the growth of this segment in the global market. The increasing focus on technological innovations and the integration of real-time features will enable vendors to attract new consumers and boost their profitability in the market. The increasing use of these products by audiophiles, athletes, music composers, and health-conscious individuals to monitor body vitals such as heart rate and calories burnt during a workout session is driving the development of the global earphones and headphones market.
Non-smart products offer basic functions such as connecting via cable or Bluetooth, answering calls, and streaming music. The development of advanced wireless devices will reduce the demand for these products in the global earphones and headphones market.
Earphones and Headphones Market – By End-Use
Sports and fitness sector is emerging as the fastest growing end-use category in the global earphones and headphones market
The end-use segment in the global earphones and headphones market is categorized into entertainment, fitness & sports, and gaming. Fitness and sports is the fastest growing end-use segment in the global market, at a CAGR of more than 15% during the forecast period. The fitness and sports segment offer high earning potential, and leading players are upgrading their products to cater to the growing demand in the global market. The popularity of wearable devices such as smartwatches and pendants, mobile applications, and rings, which constantly monitor and track the user’s vital biometrics and collate the data now allow millions of consumers to maintain their fitness records is driving the demand for associated accessories in the market. The introduction of new sports headphones that are resistant to water and sweat, provide extra comfort and fit appropriately during workouts, and stream the music or digital books to the user will augment the development of the global earphones and headphones market.
The use of products in the entertainment sector offer high-quality sound and a highly personalized listening experience to the consumers in the market. The launch of gaming headphones that are sturdy yet comfortable build, noise canceling functions for both earpiece and the microphone, and improved range and latency will drive revenues in the global earphones and headphones market.
Earphones and Headphones Market – By Geography
The US and Canada contributed the highest revenues across the North American region in the global earphones and headphones market
The global earphones and headphones market by geography is segmented into APAC, Europe, North America, Latin America, and MEA. North America dominated the market share in 2018, growing at a CAGR of around 13% during the forecast period. The growing number of smartphone users and high-speed internet connectivity, many consumers prefer streaming their favorite music, videos, and podcasts at any place and anytime is driving the growth of the North American market. The trend of using these devices as fashion accessories is driving the popularity and acceptance of earbuds, especially among audiophiles in the US earphones and headphones market. The vendors are introducing products with features such as convenient charging, portable designs, water resistance, advanced sound control, sensors, gesture control, and better battery life to sustain their North American share in the global earphones and headphones market.
The increasing number of adoptions of paid digital audio subscriptions and the growth of the fitness and sports industry is fueling the growth of the European market. China, South Korea, and India are the largest revenue generators in the APAC region in the global earphones and headphones market.
Key countries profiled in the report are:
- US
- Canada
- UK
- Germany
- France
- Italy
- Nordic
- Spain
- China
- South Korea
- Australia
- Japan
- India
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Chile
- UAE
- South Africa
Key Vendor Analysis
The global earphones and headphones market is witnessing the entrance of new players offering varied products. The introduction of true wireless headphones and the unprecedented adoption among the consumers is intensifying the competition in the market. The players are launching new products equipped with smart and intelligent features and abilities to sustain the competition in the market. Some of the top companies are offering language translation and augmented hearing abilities to gain a larger global earphones and headphones market share.
The major vendors in the global market are:
- Apple
- Bose
- Samsung
- Sony
- Sennheiser
- Skullcandy
Other prominent vendors include Jabra, Bang & Olufsen, Jaybird, Motorola, Huawei, Avanca, Amkette, Asus, Audio-Technica, Beyerdynamic, Creative Technology, Denon, Grado Labs, House of Marley, JAYS, JVC Kenwood, Logitech, Monster, Panasonic, Parrot, Philips, Pioneer, Shure, Sol Republic, Turtle Beach, Urbanears, Westone Laboratories, Xiaomi, Alphabet, Bragi, Nuheara, Rowkin, Crazybaby, Earin, Meizu, Waverly Labs, Mymanu, Toshiba, and RHA.
Key market insights include
- The analysis of the global earphones and headphones market provides market size and growth rate for the forecast period 2019-2024.
- It offers comprehensive insights on current industry trends, trend forecast, and growth drivers about the global earphones and headphones market.
- The report provides the latest analysis of market share, growth drivers, challenges, and investment opportunities.
- It offers a complete overview of market segments and the regional outlook of global earphones and headphones market.
- The report offers a detailed overview of the vendor landscape, competitive analysis, and critical market strategies to gain a competitive advantage.
SNAPSHOT
The global earphones and headphones market size is expected to reach values of over $36 billion by 2024, growing at an impressive CAGR of around 13% during 2019-2024.
The global earphones and headphones market is driven by the growing demand for portable devices for high-quality sound and an enhanced audio experience. The growing array of platforms on which users can access and stream audio and video content will contribute to the revenues in the global market. The market research report provides in-depth market analysis and segmental analysis of the global earphones and headphones market by technology, type, features, end-use, and geography.
Base Year: 2018
Forecast Year: 2019-2024
The report considers the present scenario of the global earphones and headphones market and its market dynamics for the period 2018−2024. It covers a detailed overview of various market growth enablers, restraints, and trends. The study covers both the demand and supply side of the market. It also profiles and analyzes leading companies and several other prominent companies operating in the earphones and headphones market.
Major Vendors in the Global Earphones and Headphones Market
- Apple
- Business Overview
- Major Product Offerings
- Key Strategies
- Key Strengths
- Key Opportunities
- Bose
- Samsung
- Sony
- Sennheiser
- Skullcandy
Prominent Players in the Global Earphones and Headphones Market
- Jabra
- Business Overview
- Bang & Olufsen
- Jaybird
- Motorola
- Huawei
- Avanca
- Amkette
- Asus
- Audio-Technica
- Beyerdynamic
- Creative Technology
- Denon
- Grado Labs
- House of Marley
- JAYS
- JVC Kenwood
- Logitech
- Monster
- Panasonic
- Parrot
- Philips
- Pioneer
- Shure
- Sol Republic
- Turtle Beach
- Urbanears
- Westone Laboratories
- Xiaomi
- Alphabet
- Bragi
- Nuheara
- Rowkin
- Crazybaby
- Earin
- Meizu
- Waverly Labs
- Mymanu
- Toshiba
- RHA
Market Segmentation by Technology
- Wired
- Wireless
- True Wireless
Market Segmentation by Type
- In-ear
- On-ear
- Over-ear
Market Segmentation by Feature
- Smart
- Non-Smart
Market Segmentation by End-use
- Entertainment
- Fitness & Sports
- Gaming
Market Segmentation by Geography
- North America
- US
- Canada
- Europe
- UK
- Germany
- France
- Italy
- Nordic
- Spain
- APAC
- China
- South Korea
- Australia
- Japan
- India
- Latin America
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Chile
- MEA
- UAE
- South Africa
Frequently Asked Questions
List of Exhibits
Exhibit 1 Segmentation of Global Headphones Market
Exhibit 2 Market Size Calculation Approach 2018
Exhibit 3 Overview of Global Market
Exhibit 4 Smart Headphones, Wearables, and Hearables
Exhibit 5 Technological Advancements in Wireless Headphones
Exhibit 6 Common Challenges with Headphones
Exhibit 7 Model Overview New Technologies and Headphones with New Technologies
Exhibit 8 Number of Active Gym Memberships Globally
Exhibit 9 Major Health and Hearing Disorders due to Prolonged Use of Headphones
Exhibit 10 Evolution of Smart Wireless Earphones into Hearables
Exhibit 11 Major Areas of Technological Advancements
Exhibit 12 Global Earphones and Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 13 Global Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 14 Market ASP 2018−2024 ($)
Exhibit 15 Five Forces Analysis 2018
Exhibit 16 Market by Technology 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 17 Market by Technology: Overview
Exhibit 18 Market by Technology 2018 & 2024 (revenue share %)
Exhibit 19 Market by Technology Life Cycle Overview 2018
Exhibit 20 Global Wired Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 21 Global Wired Type : Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 22 Global Wired Type: Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 23 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 24 Global Wired In-ear Headphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 25 Global Wired On-ear Headphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 26 Global Wired Over-ear Headphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 27 Global 3.5 mm Jack Wired Headphones Market 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 28 Global 3.5 mm Jack Wired Earphones Market 2018−2024 (million units)
Exhibit 29 Global 3.5 mm Jack Wired Earphones ASP 2018−2024 ($)
Exhibit 30 Global Lightning Port Wired Earphones Market 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 31 Global Lightning Port Wired Earphones Market 2018−2024 (million units)
Exhibit 32 Global Lightning Port Wired Earphones ASP 2018−2024 ($)
Exhibit 33 Global Type−C Port Wired Earphones Market 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 34 Global Type−C Port Wired Headphones Market 2018−2024 (million units)
Exhibit 35 Global Type−C Port Wired Earphones ASP 2018−2024 ($)
Exhibit 36 Global Wireless Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 37 Global Wireless Earphones Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 38 Global Wireless Earphones Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 39 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 40 Global Wireless In-ear Headphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 41 Wireless On-ear Earphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 42 Wireless Over-ear Earphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 43 Major Features of Smart True Wireless Headphones
Exhibit 44 Global True Wireless Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 45 Global True Wireless Headphones Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 46 Global True Wireless Earphones Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 47 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 48 Global Headphones Market by Product Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 49 Market by Product Type: Overview
Exhibit 50 Market by Product Type 2018 & 2024 (revenue share %)
Exhibit 51 Global In-ear Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 52 Global In-ear Headphones Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 53 Global In-ear Headphones Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 54 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 55 Global In-ear Wired Headphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 56 Global In-ear Wireless Headphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 57 Global In-ear True Wireless Headphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 58 Global On-ear Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 59 Global On-ear Headphones Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 60 Global On-ear Headphones Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 61 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 62 Global On-ear Wired Headphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 63 Global On-ear Wireless Headphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 64 Global Over-ear Wireless Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 65 Global Over-ear Wireless Headphones Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 66 Global Over-ear Wireless Headphones Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 67 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 68 Global Over-ear Wired Earphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 69 Global Over-ear Wireless Earphones Market Overview 2018−2024
Exhibit 70 Global Headphones Market by Features 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 71 Global Headphones Market by Features: Overview
Exhibit 72 Market by Features 2018 & 2024 (revenue share %)
Exhibit 73 Global Smart Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 74 Global Smart Headphones Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 75 Global Smart Headphones Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 76 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 77 Global Non-smart Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 78 Global Non-smart Headphones Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 79 Global Non-smart Earphones Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 80 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 81 Global Headphones Market by End-use 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 82 Market by End−use: Overview
Exhibit 83 Market by End−use 2018 & 2024 (revenue share %)
Exhibit 84 Global Entertainment Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 85 Global Entertainment Earphones Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 86 Global Entertainment Earphones Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 87 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 88 Global Fitness & Sports Headphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 89 Global Fitness & Sports Headphones Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 90 Global Fitness & Sports Earphones Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 91 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 92 Global Gaming Earphones Market 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 93 Global Gaming Headphones Market 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 94 Global Gaming Earphones Market 2018–2024 ASP ($)
Exhibit 95 Market Share Change Between 2018 & 2024 (revenue %)
Exhibit 96 Global Headphones Market by Geography 2018 & 2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 97 Market by Geography (revenue share %)
Exhibit 98 Market by Geography (volume %)
Exhibit 99 Europe Fitness & Music Industry Overview
Exhibit 100 Headphones Market in Europe 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 101 Market in Europe 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 102 Earphones ASP in Europe 2018–2024 ($)
Exhibit 103 Headphones Market in Europe by Key Countries 2018 & 2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 104 Market in UK 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 105 Market in Germany 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 106 Market in France 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 107 Market in Italy 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 108 Market in Nordics 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 109 Market in Spain 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 110 Fitness and Music Industry Overview in North America
Exhibit 111 Headphones Market in North America 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 112 Market in North America 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 113 Earphones ASP in North America 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 114 Headphones Market in North America by Key Countries 2018 & 2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 115 Market in US 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 116 Market in Canada 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 117 Internet and Smartphone Penetration in APAC
Exhibit 118 Headphones Market in APAC 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 119 Market in APAC 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 120 Earphones ASP in APAC 2018–2024 ($)
Exhibit 121 Market in APAC by Key Countries 2018 & 2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 122 Market in China 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 123 Market in Japan 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 124 Market in South Korea 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 125 Market in India 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 126 Market in Australia 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 127 Smartphone Penetration in Latin America 2014−2019 (% of total population)
Exhibit 128 Market in Latin America 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 129 Music Industry Overview in Latin America
Exhibit 130 Market in Latin America 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 131 Earphones ASP in Latin America 2018–2024 ($)
Exhibit 132 Headphones Market in Latin America by Key Countries 2018 & 2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 133 Market in Brazil 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 134 Market in Mexico 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 135 Market in Chile 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 136 Market in MEA 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 137 Headphones Market in MEA 2018–2024 (million units)
Exhibit 138 Earphones ASP in MEA 2018–2024 ($)
Exhibit 139 Market in MEA by Key Countries 2018 & 2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 140 Market in UAE 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 141 Market in South Africa 2018–2024 ($ billion)
Exhibit 142 ASP Analysis by Technology 2018 – 2024 ($)
Exhibit 143 ASP Analysis by Type 2018 – 2024 ($)
Exhibit 144 ASP Analysis by Feature 2018 – 2024 ($)
Exhibit 145 ASP Analysis by End-use 2018 – 2024 ($)
Exhibit 147 Market Share Analysis 2018 (revenue %)
List of Tables
Table 1 Key Geographies Definition
Table 2 Key Caveats
Table 3 Currency Conversion 2013−2018
Table 4 YOY Impact of Market Growth Enablers 2018−2024
Table 5 Impact of Market Growth Enablers on Regions 2018
Table 6 Price and Parameter Comparison of Premium Range Headphones 2018
Table 7 YOY Impact of Market Growth Restraints 2018−2024
Table 8 Impact of Market Growth Restraints on Regions 2018
Table 9 Connecting Market Forces and Headphones
Table 10 YOY Impact of Market Opportunities & Trends 2018−2024
Table 11 Impact of Market Opportunities & Trends on Regions 2018
Table 12 Global Monthly Mobile Data Traffic by Device 2016–2021 (in exabytes per month)
Table 13 Global Headphones Market by Technology 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 14 Market by Technology 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 15 Global Wired Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 16 Global Wired Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 17 Global Wired Earphones Market by Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 18 Global Wireless Headphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 19 Global Wireless Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 20 Global Wireless Earphones Market by Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 21 Global True Wireless Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 22 Global True Wireless Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 23 Global Headphones Market by Product Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 24 Market by Product Type 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 25 Global In-ear Headphones Market by Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 26 Global In-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 27 Global In-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 28 Global On-ear Earphones Market by Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 29 Global On-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 30 Global On-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 31 Global Over-ear Wireless Headphones Market by Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 32 Global Over-ear Wireless Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 33 Global Over-ear Wireless Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 34 Global Headphones Market by Features 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 35 Market by Features 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 36 Global Smart Headphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 37 Global Smart Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 38 Global Non-smart Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 39 Global Non-smart Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 40 Global Headphones Market by End−use 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 41 Market by End−use 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 42 Global Entertainment Headphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 43 Global Entertainment Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 44 Global Fitness & Sports Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 45 Global Fitness & Sports Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 46 Global Gaming Headphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 47 Global Gaming Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 48 Headphones Market in Europe by Technology 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 49 Market in Europe by Technology 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 50 Market in Europe by Product Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 51 Market in Europe by Product Type 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 52 Market in Europe by Features 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 53 Market in Europe by Features 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 54 Market in Europe by End-use 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 55 Market in Europe by End-use 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 56 Market in North America by Technology 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 57 Market in North America by Technology 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 58 Market in North America by Product Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 59 Market in North America by Product Type 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 60 Market in North America by Features 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 61 Market in North America by Features 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 62 Market in North America by End-use 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 63 Earphones Market in North America by End-use 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 64 Market in APAC by Technology 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 65 Market in APAC by Technology 2018−2024 million units)
Table 66 Market in APAC by Product Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 67 Market in APAC by Product Type 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 68 Market in APAC by Features 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 69 Market in APAC by Features 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 70 Earphones Market in APAC by End-use 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 71 Market in APAC by End-use 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 72 Market in Latin America by Technology 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 73 Market in Latin America by Technology 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 74 Earphones Market in Latin America by Product Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 75 Market in Latin America by Product Type 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 76 Earphones Market in Latin America by Features 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 77 Earphones Market in Latin America by Features 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 78 Earphones Market in Latin America by End-use 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 79 Market in Latin America by End-use 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 80 Market in MEA by Technology 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 81 Market in MEA by Technology 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 82 Market in MEA by Product Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 83 Market in MEA by Product Type 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 84 Market in MEA by Features 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 85 Market in MEA by Features 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 86 Market in MEA by End-use 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 87 Market in MEA by End-use 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 88 Apple: Product Offerings
Table 89 Bose: Product Offerings
Table 90 Samsung: Product Offerings
Table 91 Sony: Product Offerings
Table 92 Sennheiser: Product Offerings
Table 93 Skullcandy: Product Offerings
Table 94 Qualitative Summary of Global Headphones Market
Table 95 Global Headphones Market by Geographies 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 96 Market by Geographies 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 97 Global Earphones ASP by Geographies 2018−2024 ($)
Table 98 Market by Technology 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 99 Market by Technology 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 100 Global Earphones ASP by Technology 2018−2024 ($)
Table 101 Global Wired Headphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 102 Global Wired Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 103 Global Wired Earphones Market by Port 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 104 Global Wired Earphones Market by Port 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 105 Global Wired In-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 106 Global Wired In-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 107 Global Wired On-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 108 Global Wired On-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 109 Global Wired Over-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 110 Global Wired Over-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 111 Global Wireless Headphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 112 Global Wireless Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 113 Global Wireless In-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 114 Global Wireless In-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 115 Global Wireless On-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 116 Global Wireless On-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 117 Global Wireless Over-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 118 Global Wireless Over-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 119 Global True Wireless Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 120 Global True Wireless Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 121 Global Headphones Market by Type 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 122 Market by Type 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 123 Global Headphones ASP by Type 2018−2024 ($)
Table 124 Global In-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 125 Global In-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 126 Global On-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 127 Global On-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 128 Global Over-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 129 Global Over-ear Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 130 Global Headphones Market by Features 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 131 Market by Features 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 132 Global Earphones ASP by Features 2018−2024 ($)
Table 133 Global Smart Headphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 134 Global Smart Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 135 Global Smart Earphones ASP by Geography 2018−2024 ($)
Table 136 Global Non-smart Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 137 Global Non-smart Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 138 Global Non-smart Earphones ASP by Geography 2018−2024 ($)
Table 139 Global Headphones Market by End-use 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 140 Market by End-use 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 141 Global Headphones ASP by End-use 2018−2024 ($)
Table 142 Global Entertainment Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 143 Global Entertainment Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 144 Global Entertainment Earphones ASP by Geography 2018−2024 ($)
Table 145 Global Fitness & Sports Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 146 Global Fitness & Sports Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 147 Global Fitness & Sports Earphones ASP by Geography 2018−2024 ($)
Table 148 Global Gaming Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 ($ billion)
Table 149 Global Gaming Earphones Market by Geography 2018−2024 (million units)
Table 150 Global Gaming Headphones ASP by Geography 2018−2024 ($)
1 Research Methodology
2 Research Objectives
3 Research Process
4 Report Coverage
4.1 Market Definition
4.2 Base Year
4.3 Scope of Study
4.3.1 Market Segmentation by Technology Type
4.3.2 Market Segmentation by Product Type
4.3.3 Market Segmentation by Feature Type
4.3.4 Market Segmentation by End-use Type
4.3.5 Market Segmentation by Geography
5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
5.1 Key Caveats
5.2 Inclusions
5.3 Exclusions
5.4 Currency Conversion
5.5 Market Derivation
6 Market at a glance
7 Introduction
7.1 Overview
8 Market Dynamics
8.1 Market Growth Enablers
8.1.1 Innovative headphone manufacturing and audio technologies
8.1.2 Common practice of owning more than one headphone pair
8.1.3 Rising demand for use in fitness and entertainment activities
8.1.4 Limited edition models and collaborations with industry partners
8.1.5 YOY Impact of Market Growth Enablers
8.1.6 Impact of Market Growth Enablers on Regions
8.2 Market Growth Restraints
8.2.1 Counterfeit products posing threat to market vendors
8.2.2 Health concerns due to prolonged use of headphones hurting sales
8.2.3 YOY Impact of Market Growth Restraints
8.2.4 Impact of Market Growth Restraints on Regions
8.3 Market Opportunities & Trends
8.3.1 Innovations leading to transition of wireless headphones into hearables
8.3.2 Real-time language translation to become standard feature
8.3.3 Adoption of newer technologies for product enrichment
8.3.4 Maximizing audio quality and features while reducing bulk
8.3.5 YOY Impact of Market Opportunities & Trends
8.3.6 Impact of Market Opportunities & Trends on Regions
9 Global Headphones Market
9.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
9.2 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
9.2.1 Threat of New Entrants
9.2.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
9.2.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
9.2.4 Threat of Substitutes
9.2.5 Competitive Rivalry
10 By Technology
10.1 Market Overview
10.2 Global Market by Technology
10.2.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue)
10.2.2 Market Size & Forecast (Units)
11 Wired Headphones
11.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
11.2 Market by Geography
11.2.1 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
11.2.2 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
11.3 By Headphones Type
11.3.1 Wired In-ear Type: Market Size & Forecast
11.3.2 Wired On-ear Type: Market Size & Forecast
11.3.3 Wired Over-ear Type: Market Size & Forecast
11.4 Wired Headphones with 3.5 mm Jack
11.4.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
11.5 Wired Headphones with Lightning Port
11.5.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
11.6 Wired Headphones with Type−C Port
11.6.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
12 Wireless Headphones
12.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
12.2 Market by Geography
12.2.1 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
12.2.2 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
12.3 By Type
12.3.1 Wireless In-ear: Market Size & Forecast
12.3.2 Wireless On-ear: Market Size & Forecast
12.3.3 Wireless Over-ear: Market Size & Forecast
13 True Wireless Headphones
13.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
13.2 Market by Geography
13.2.1 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
13.2.2 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
14 By Product Type
14.1 Market Overview
14.2 Global Market by Product Type
15 In-ear Headphones
15.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
15.2 Market by Geography
15.2.1 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
15.2.2 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
15.3 By In-ear Headphones Technology
15.3.1 In-ear Wired: Market Size & Forecast
15.3.2 In-ear Wireless: Market Size & Forecast
15.3.3 In-ear True Wireless Headphones: Market Size & Forecast
16 On-ear Headphones
16.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
16.2 Market by Geography
16.2.1 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
16.2.2 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
16.3 By Technology
16.3.1 On-ear Wired: Market Size & Forecast
16.3.2 On-ear Wireless: Market Size & Forecast
17 Over-ear Headphones
17.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
17.2 Market by Geography
17.2.1 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
17.2.2 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
17.3 By Technology
17.3.1 Over-ear Wired: Market Size & Forecast
17.3.2 Over-ear Wireless: Market Size & Forecast
18 By Features
18.1 Market Overview
18.1.1 Global Headphones Market by Feature
18.2 Smart Headphones
18.2.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
18.2.2 Market by Geography
18.2.3 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
18.2.4 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
18.3 Non-smart Headphones
18.3.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
18.3.2 Market by Geography
18.3.3 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
18.3.4 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
19 By End-use
19.1 Market Overview
19.1.1 Market by End-use
19.2 Entertainment Headphones
19.2.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Unit)
19.2.2 Market by Geography
19.2.3 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
19.2.4 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
19.3 Fitness & Sports Headphones
19.3.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
19.3.2 Market by Geography
19.3.3 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
19.3.4 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
19.4 Gaming Headphones
19.4.1 Market Size & Forecast (Revenue & Units)
19.4.2 Market by Geography
19.4.3 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Revenue
19.4.4 Market Size & Forecast by Geography: Units
20 By Geography
20.1 Market Overview
21 Europe
21.1 Market Size & Forecast
21.2 Segmentation By Technology
21.2.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
21.3 Segmentation By Product Type
21.3.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
21.4 Segmentation By Features
21.4.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
21.5 Segmentation By End-use
21.5.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
21.6 Key Countries
21.6.1 UK: Market Size & Forecast
21.6.2 Germany: Market Size & Forecast
21.6.3 France: Market Size & Forecast
21.6.4 Italy: Market Size & Forecast
21.6.5 Nordics: Market Size & Forecast
21.6.6 Spain: Market Size & Forecast
22 North America
22.1 Market Size & Forecast
22.2 Segmentation By Technology
22.2.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
22.3 Segmentation By Product Type
22.3.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
22.4 Segmentation By Features
22.4.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
22.5 Segmentation By End-use
22.5.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
22.6 Key Countries
22.6.1 US: Market Size & Forecast
22.6.2 Canada: Market Size & Forecast
23 APAC
23.1 Market Size & Forecast
23.2 Segmentation By Technology
23.2.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
23.3 Segmentation By Product Type
23.3.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
23.4 Segmentation By Features
23.4.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
23.5 Segmentation By End-use
23.5.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
23.6 Key Countries
23.6.1 China: Market Size & Forecast
23.6.2 Japan: Market Size & Forecast
23.6.3 South Korea: Market Size & Forecast
23.6.4 India: Market Size & Forecast
23.6.5 Australia: Market Size & Forecast
24 Latin America
24.1 Market Size & Forecast
24.2 Segmentation By Technology
24.2.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
24.3 Segmentation By Product Type
24.3.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
24.4 Segmentation By Features
24.4.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
24.5 Segmentation By End-use
24.5.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
24.6 Key Countries
24.6.1 Brazil: Market Size & Forecast
24.6.2 Mexico: Market Size & Forecast
24.6.3 Chile: Market Size & Forecast
25 Middle-East & Africa
25.1 Market Size & Forecast
25.2 Segmentation By Technology
25.2.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
25.3 Segmentation By Product Type
25.3.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
25.4 Segmentation By Features
25.4.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
25.5 Segmentation By End-use
25.5.1 Market Size and Forecast (Revenue & Units)
25.6 Key Countries
25.6.1 UAE: Market Size & Forecast
25.6.2 South Africa: Market Size & Forecast
26 ASP Analysis
26.1 ASP by Technology
26.2 ASP by Type
26.3 ASP by feature
26.4 ASP by end-use
27 Competitive Landscape
27.1 Market Overview
27.2 Vendor Share Analysis
28 Key Company Profiles
28.1 Apple
28.1.1 Business Overview
28.1.2 Major Product Offerings
28.1.3 Key Strategies
28.1.4 Key Strengths
28.1.5 Key Opportunities
28.2 Bose
28.2.1 Business Overview
28.2.2 Major Product Offerings
28.2.3 Key Strategies
28.2.4 Key Strengths
28.2.5 Key Opportunities
28.3 Samsung
28.3.1 Business Overview
28.3.2 Major Product Offerings
28.3.3 Key Strategies
28.3.4 Key Strengths
28.3.5 Key Opportunities
28.4 Sony
28.4.1 Business Overview
28.4.2 Major Product Offerings
28.4.3 Key Strategies
28.4.4 Key Strengths
28.4.5 Key Opportunities
28.5 Sennheiser
28.5.1 Business Overview
28.5.2 Major Product Offerings
28.5.3 Key Strategies
28.5.4 Key Strengths
28.5.5 Key Opportunities
28.6 Skullcandy
28.6.1 Business Overview
28.6.2 Major Product Offerings
28.6.3 Key Strategies
28.6.4 Key Strengths
28.6.5 Key Opportunities
29 Other Prominent Vendors
29.1 Jabra
29.1.1 Business Overview
29.2 Bang & Olufsen
29.2.1 Business Overview
29.3 Jaybird
29.3.1 Business Overview
29.4 Motorola
29.4.1 Business Overview
29.5 Xiaomi
29.5.1 Business Overview
29.6 Huawei
29.6.1 Business Overview
29.7 Avanca
29.7.1 Business Overview
29.8 Amkette
29.8.1 Business Overview
29.9 Asus
29.9.1 Business Overview
29.10 Audio-Technica
29.10.1 Business Overview
29.11 Beyerdynamic
29.11.1 Business Overview
29.12 Creative Technology
29.12.1 Business Overview
29.13 Denon
29.13.1 Business Overview
29.14 Grado Labs
29.14.1 Business Overview
29.15 House of Marley
29.15.1 Business Overview
29.16 Jays
29.16.1 Business Overview
29.17 JVC Kenwood
29.17.1 Business Overview
29.18 Logitech
29.18.1 Business Overview
29.19 Monster
29.19.1 Business Overview
29.20 Panasonic
29.20.1 Business Overview
29.21 Parrot
29.21.1 Business Overview
29.22 Philips
29.22.1 Business Overview
29.23 Pioneer
29.23.1 Business Overview
29.24 Shure
29.24.1 Business Overview
29.25 Sol Republic
29.25.1 Business Overview
29.26 Turtle Beach
29.26.1 Business Overview
29.27 UrbanEars
29.27.1 Business Overview
29.28 Westone Laboratories
29.28.1 Business Overview
29.29 Alphabet
29.29.1 Business Overview
29.30 Bragi
29.30.1 Business Overview
29.31 Nuheara
29.31.1 Business Overview
29.32 Rowkin
29.32.1 Business Overview
29.33 Crazybaby
29.33.1 Business Overview
29.34 Earin
29.34.1 Business Overview
29.35 Meizu
29.35.1 Business Overview
29.36 Waverly Labs
29.36.1 Business Overview
29.37 Mymanu
29.37.1 Business Overview
29.38 Toshiba
29.38.1 Business Overview
29.39 RHA
29.39.1 Business Overview
30 Report Summary
30.1 Key Takeaways
30.2 Strategic Recommendations
30.3 Qualitative Summary
30.4 Quantitative Summary
30.4.1 Market by Geography
30.4.2 Market by Technology
30.4.3 Market by Product Type
30.4.4 Market by Features
30.4.5 Market by End-use
31 Appendix
31.1 Abbreviations
Select a license type that suits your business needs
Single User Licence
- Report accessible by one user only
- Free 10% or 3 days of customization
- Free post-sale service assistance
- Continuous support through email
5 User Licence
- Report accessible by 5 users within the organization
- Free 15% or 4.5 days of customization
- Continuous support through email and telephone
- Free analyst hour
- Free Upgrade: If an updated report published within 180 days of purchase, you will get the revised report free of charge
Corporate Licence
- Free Datasheet worth $1500
- Report accessible by the entire organization
- Free 20% or 6 days of customization
- Free post-sale service assistance
- Continuous support through email and telephone
- Direct access to lead analysts
- Free analyst hour
- Free Upgrade: If an updated report published within 180 days of purchase, you will get the revised report free of charge
Datasheet Licence
- Report accessible by 1 user only
- Free 15% or 32 hours of customization
- Free post-sale service assistance
- Direct access to lead analysts
Frequently Asked Questions
Other RELATED Reports
Wireless Headphones Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2019-2024
Published : January 2019
True Wireless Headphones Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2019-2024
Published : March 2019
Earphones and Headphones Market in Latin America - Industry Outlook and Forecast 2019-2024
Published : March 2019
U.S. Earphones and Headphones Market - Industry Outlook and Forecast 2019-2024
Published : April 2019
Language Translating Devices Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2019-2024
Published : May 2019
Active Noise Cancelling (ANC) Headphones Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2019-2024
Published : August 2019
Sports Headphones Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2019-2024
Published : September 2019
